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Signing Authorities [28 Sep 2011|10:31am]
How to Prevent Embezzlement
In any business organization, there is a lot of cash inflow and outflow. If cash flows are not monitored on a regular basis, there are significant chances of someone from the organization taking undue advantage of it. This can cause significant loss of funds from the company's account and is a serious cause of concern, which must be dealt with in an appropriate manner.

What is Embezzlement?
Embezzlement involves assets and money and is therefore, a kind of financial fraud. In layman terms, it can be referred to as "stealing". Embezzlement involves one or more individuals who take undue advantage of the trust that the organization has on them and use the company's assets for personal gains. The act of embezzlement is carried out in such a way that it remains concealed from other members of the organization. ugg boots outlet Individuals involved in the act have legal rights on the assets which they use dishonestly. In the United States, embezzlement is a statutory crime and is defined differently from one statute to another. There have been instances when business firms have become victims of this act for several years realizing it only when the need of capital came up and funds were missing in their accounts.

How to Prevent Embezzlement in an Organization?

Hiring Right
The first thing a company can do to safeguard itself from being duped by embezzlers is to recruit trustworthy employees. The honesty and integrity of a prospective employee can be analyzed during the interview by the interviewer. Therefore, it is necessary that the interviewer should be a person who has the experience and expertise to select right candidates for the company. Another means of preventing embezzlement is to conduct a reference check for the interviewee. By talking to the candidate's previous employer, one can establish his/her reliability.

Maintaining Financial Records
As the amount of money involved ugg boots for sale United Kingdom in a business firm is huge, it is extremely essential that a record of all the income and expenditure is maintained. By managing financial records, every asset of the company and funds can be traced and accounted for. The books maintaining the accounts of the organization must have a mention of all the transactions made under the name of the company so that, no one can play with them and any missing link can be easily identified.

Dividing Bookkeeping Duties
A bookkeeper is responsible for recording and maintaining financial transactions of the company. Companies with good financial standing can hire more than one bookkeeper so that bookkeeping duties are equally divided and one bookkeeper can easily identify mistakes of the other and none of them gains the courage to play with organization's funds.
Signing Authorities
Most business firms make their payment through checks. To prevent fraud, all outgoing checks must be signed by two people who have the rights to sign checks for the company. In no case, the person preparing the check should have the signing authority because this would give undue advantage to the person thereby, uggs outlet increasing the chances of fraud. Canceled and void checks must be kept separately and mentioned in the records. Bank statements must also be in place so that all payments can be tallied and the entire process can be supervised.

Conducting Surprise Audits
Audits and inspections are a great way of keeping a check on illegal activities going on within the organization. Surprise audits help in identifying loopholes in the financial accounts and taking necessary action against it. Conducting surprise and regular audits not only helps in identifying criminal activity, but also instills fear of being caught among employees who have the tendency of doing such illegal activities.

Apart from these, small business firms can also ugg outlet prevent fraud by keeping a check on petty cash available with the firm, securing unused checks in the lock box, restricting employees to take office work home, insisting on printed invoice before making any payment and reviewing individual expenses. If the act of stealing is suspected, companies must contact the police to take legal action so as to identify the embezzler and set an example for other employees of the organization who might be involved in such activities.
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How to Perform Data Mining [28 Sep 2011|10:33am]
Career Opportunities in Data Mining
When I first heard the term 'data mining', I imagined miners with hard hats and pickaxes, hacking away at rocks made of binary code. As amusing and illogical as it was, data mining is pretty much just that - scouring huge expanses of data to turn up with the most convincing patterns and statistics. Data mining is an analytical tool for anyone who needs it. And boy, do people need it!

While saying it as researching a literal warehouse filled with data would still be putting it lightly, the intense demand for data mining has led to faster searching software, better scanners and stronger, more secure storage methods. We are far past the stage where we just say that we live in an age of information. We can now say that we live in an age where information is so vital, so vast and so vulnerable to ugg boots outlet change that it would literally take us millions of years over again to read all of it. So you can imagine if you manage to get the job done in months, days or even hours, you might as well be mining gold rather than information for a payroll! It would, on the other hand, be the same as mining an entire mountain for a single vein of gold. In short, data mining needs people and those who become successful data miners, earn pretty well.

How to Perform Data Mining

There are four steps to it. They seem simple, but not when you actually 'dig in'.
?The first step is to start the process of extraction. This not only means gathering statistics of single events, but the statistics of the transitions between any two events as well.
?The second step is relatively simple - you need to reorganize whatever statistical data you've gathered and store it somewhere where it will be safe and incorruptible.
?In the next step, the researcher, following the protocol specified to him/her, reveals the total and relevant data that they have deduced for the research, to those concerned. They will then analyze the data and if approved, it falls into the final stage.
?You use whatever procedure or software that has been given to you (or built by you) and start to make sense of the data you've stored.
The Scope of Data Mining

A quick ugg boots for sale United Kingdom look at some places where data mining is used and what it means to analysts to understand its need in modern fields. Most of the data mining algorithms are iterative and require most details on the data sections between which you need to find the link.

Artificial Neural Networks: Simply put, they resemble the human neural network, only they aren't. They are meant to follow the human neural pattern - they learn, practice, adapt and conclude, according to what the programmer maps it as. They are used for data mining where there are large non-linear systems that possess some similarities, but seemingly conclude as totally unrelated. You basically find out this unknown factor that relates all the segments of data and conclude it as a new discovery.

Genetic Algorithm: This field uses all the evolutionary tools - inheritance, mutation, crossover and selection to find the missing links between data, both modern and prehistoric. What you do here, in a system with too many unknown factors, is to find the closest possible result using the sharpest predictive tools in your arsenal. You come up with the most probable and optimized answer to the questions.

Data Visualization: Here, what you end up uggs outlet mining is generally too complicated to read through a single software. The data intersects and ends at multiple points through a time-line, giving a somewhat multidimensional chunk of data. In a way, it's like saying, 'if the structure is too big, take a step back to get a better look'. You pretty much display all data through graphical means.

Career Opportunities in Data Mining

Here is a list of all the professions that provide career opportunities in data mining by employing it to get results.

Business
You'll find the use of data mining mostly in business fields.

? Advertising: Getting the right kind of commercials using customer relations and feedback. Data mining relies heavily on customer relations because that's where all transitional data comes from, whether it's changing trends or satisfaction with products.

An example of direct visual advertising is a certain tactic employed by a super market. Doesn't really sound like the right place for data mining, does it? Well, this actually has been done once. The researchers, through a string of grocery bills, working-class statistics and surveillance footage, showed a definitive relation between the days of the week, the presence of a toddler in a house and the sex of the parent who's shopping. The conclusion - men who have a child will go shopping mostly on Saturdays and buy a lot of diapers and beer. The store owners then simply shifted the diaper section ugg outlet next to the beer section and just sat back and watched the beer sales rise!

? Healthcare: Evaluating the recent health trends to put forth the next health or diet product. Data mining has proved to be more and more essential when it comes to making cost-cutting medicine, optimizing surgical procedures and keeping a check over pharmaceutical sales. Data mining can be used to find out the success rate and side-effects of a medicine in the market. The result will gather enormous chunks of data from pharmacies around the country that sell the drug, organize the data and conclude the effectiveness of the medicine. You can also use data mining to evaluate a medical or surgical procedure and calculate its effectiveness on a patient. This involves sifting a lot of data from multiple patients and multiple aspects (like weight, diet, changes, long-term effects).

? Sports: Televising a particular sport more, according to localities that are interested in that sport. On the field, data mining is used to evaluate the players, to check their on-field statistics and training practices to find out the best ways to make players better.

? Fraud detection: Archives can be researched through to find out the patterns in many fraud cases, whether it is forging money or major bank frauds.

? Investments: A very lucrative method for firms or individuals to pursue increased gains over their investments. ugg outlet Data mining helps reduce the risk rate and capital to give the best returns possible. Another angle for the use of data mining is in the actuarial practices. For someone who needs nothing but statistical data that is concrete, in order to assess the market to find out all insurance and investment risks, data mining is an excellent tool.

? Manufacturing: The assembly line is another place that can benefit from data mining. You can use it to increase performance of automated tools as well as employee efficiency along with their welfare.

Government
The US Government takes up one of the largest projects of data mining. They use it to increase the effectiveness of law enforcement and more recently (and in surprising measures), in anti-terrorism.

Science
Science uses data mining in places where links can be established in fields that gather large amounts of data, like astronomy and bioinformatics.


For a field that's growing in demand by the day, professionals in the field are earning something between the $65,000 to $70,000 bracket. Not bad, is it? So what are you waiting for? Put your hard hat on and get working!
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Somalie : jour de guerre à Mogadiscio [28 Sep 2011|11:27am]
À Mogadiscio, les shebab contrôlent une partie de la ville. L’Union africaine, qui soutient le gouvernement de transition, réclame plus de soldats et les troupes gouvernementales ont en grande majorité abandonné leurs positions. La situation reste précaire. Le gouvernement de transition est affaibli par des querelles internes, tandis que les civils paient le prix fort de la situation.
REPORTERS
Par Joe Mwihia / Stéphanie BRAQUEHAIS Les soldats s’infiltrent un à un. Ils ont creusé un trou dans le mur des bâtiments pour pouvoir circuler sans être vus. Depuis quelques semaines, c’est une nouvelle tactique utilisée pour prendre des nouvelles positions, la tactique du trou de souris. " Il y a un immeuble en face", murmure le colonel Anthony Lukwago du contingent ougandais. "Maintenant, on a réduit l’espace ugg pas cher qui est de cent cinquante mètres... On s’approche peu à peu de l’objectif. Et ils ne verront pas quel est notre objectif. Mais quand nous irons en haut, ils verront quelque chose".

Les shebab sont à quelques dizaines de mètres. Des tirs d’AK47 retentissent. Les Ougandais se protègent derrière des sacs de sable. Les soldats somaliens, eux, se font plus rares. Pendant ce temps, un groupe tente de gagner du terrain et avance de l’autre côté. " Le principe c’est de capturer une zone, la consolider et avancer", explique le major bahoku Barigye, porte parole de l’Amisom. Sur les murs, des bâtons indiquent les positions de l’ennemi.

Bakara Market est le bastion des shebab, et la principale cible de leurs représailles. Contre les obus de mortier tirés par l’ennemi, les soldats creusent des abris dans le sol… Le sable qu’ils récupèrent va servir à remplir les sacs qui les protègent dans leurs positions les plus avancées. ugg pas cher La clé c’est de s’emparer des immeubles les plus hauts. A Mogadiscio, le terrain se prend mètre par mètre, maison par maison. Quand on contrôle les toits, on surveille mieux l’ennemi. " Maintenant, ils sont à cent cinquante, deux cents, trois cents mètres", déclare un soldat ougandais qui pointe son fusil embusqué sur un toit. Les shebab ont leur snipers dans les immeubles d’en face et tirent à intervalle régulier. "Ce qui se passe c’est que pour réduire le stress et la fatigue, l’un est en position tandis que l’autre se repose. Comme ca, il y a tout le temps quelqu’un qui surveille”, ajoute son collègue. Une attention de tous les instants.

Ces soldats vont rester plusieurs semaines ici à camper sur des matelas de fortune. Ils peuvent circuler à l’intérieur des positions prises, mais pas de patrouilles à pied dans la ville, c’est trop dangereux. Du coup, quand ils circulent à Mogadiscio, c’est à toute vitesse dans des fourgons blindés. Et là encore, la menace est permanente. " Parce qu’il y a des mines, il y a des terroristes suicidaires. Et si ceux là viennent, on ugg pas chere ne peut résister qu’avec des véhicules blindés", explique Prosper Hakizimana, le porte parole adjoint de l’Amisom. A tous les coins des rues, des hommes armés, souvent sans uniformes.

Si plus d’un million de personnes ont quitté Mogadiscio, ceux qui restent risquent leur vie à tout moment. Chaque jour, voit son lot d’affrontements et de représailles à coups d’obus de mortier de la part des deux camps, souvent dans des quartiers résidentiels, et les civils n’ont jamais autant payé le prix fort d’un conflit sanglant dont personne ne voit la fin.
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